Retrospective Study of Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgery in Resection of Sigmoid and Rectal Tumors

Background: With the development of surgical technology, surgeons are paying more and more attention to minimally invasive procedures such as injury reduction, pain reduction, and beautiful incisions to ensure the effectiveness of surgical treatment. This article discusses the safety, feasibility, and clinical outcomes of laparoscopic resection of sigmoid colon and rectal tumors via natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES). Materials and Methods: The clinical data of 39 patients who underwent complete laparoscopic resection of sigmoid colon tumor or rectal tumor at Chengde Medical College Hospital between 2018 and 2020, including general patient data (gender, age, body mass index [BMI], etc.), surgery-related data, general postoperative conditions, and postoperative pathological data, were retrospectively analyzed to explore the feasibility and safety of NOSES. Results: The specimens were all removed through the anorectal resection drag out type. The average age of 39 patients was 61.3 +/- 10.2 years, the average BMI was 24.0 +/- 3.1 kg/m(2), the average postoperative hospital stay was 11.2 +/- 4.4 days, 12 patients with sigmoid colon tumors, including 11 malignant tumors and 1 schwannoma, 27 rectal tumors, including 1 rectal villous tubular adenoma, among the 37 patients with malignant tumors, ulcer type 32 cases of adenocarcinoma and 5 cases of mass adenocarcinoma, mean number of lymph nodes detected intraoperatively (11.9 +/- 3.9), mean operative time (162.9 +/- 43.0 minutes), mean operative bleeding (36.9 +/- 13.0 mL), mean time of initial exhaust (4.3 +/- 3.0) days, mean time of laparoscopic drainage tube removal (9.8 +/- 1.4) days, mean time of postoperative feeding (4.4 +/- 3.0) days, the average maximum tumor diameter (3.7 +/- 1.4 cm), and the average distance of the tumor from the anal margin (14.1 +/- 6.1 cm); after surgery, there were two cases of anastomotic fistula. Conclusion: Laparoscopic resection of sigmoid colon and rectal tumors via natural orifice specimen extraction has the advantages of less pain, reduced incisional complications, good safety, and accurate efficacy in clinical applications.