Vaginal smears in the bitch

Vaginal cytology is used to great profit to assist in the management of canine reproduction and in the diagnosis of reproductive disorders. A definite cellular pattern is observed during each of the different phases of the cycle and offers cytological assessments of stage of the estrus cycle. So, it can be applied to ensure optimal fecundity in the bitch it is a useful tool in determining the appropriate mating time especially with the use of artificial insemination Progressive epithelial cell keratinization constitutes a principal cytological change For reproductive studies and pathological disorders, all exfoliated cells as leucocytes, bacteria, erythrocytes and so on, must be considered in the evaluation of the sample several smears are examined and always included in a clinical context (25 photos, 1 figure, 2 tables, 23 references).