Synthesis and sensing properties of zirconium-doped hematite nanoparticles

Zirconium-doped hematite particles of the type xZrO(2)-(1-x)alpha-Fe(2)O(3) (x = 0.1, 0.5) were synthesized using mechanochemical activation and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mossbauer spectroscopy. For x = 0.1 all zirconia was dissolved in the hematite lattice after 12 h of ball milling and a particle size of 9 nm was obtained. We obtained the recoilless fraction as function of the ball milling time for each value of the molar concentration x. The appearance of nanoparticles in the system was demonstrated based on these plots. We further correlated the structural properties of the zirconium-doped hematite system with the sensing properties of the best candidate in the series. These were measured as function of temperature, gas concentration (carbon monoxide and methane) and variable humidity of air. The material system was found to be sensitive over the entire range of CO concentrations and the linearity of the sensor signal was not affected by the relative humidity of air, qualities which make it the ideal system for gas sensing. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.