Transparency and communication in Norwegian and Nova Scotian Atlantic salmon aquaculture industries

The Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry has the potential to make a significant contribution to economic development and seafood production globally - particularly in rural and coastal communities. However, the lack of social licence to operate (SLO) can become a barrier for industry development. Greater transparency and communication have been suggested as two of the potential drivers for the industry to achieve SLO. This study explores the role of transparency and communication in the achievement of SLO in the salmon aquaculture industry by contrasting the perceptions of relevant stakeholders (researchers, managers/regulators, NGOs/ community groups, and industry). The comparison was carried out in Norway, having national ocean policies incorporating SLO, and Nova Scotia, Canada, that has adopted new aquaculture regulations in 2015 following a three-year moratorium. Results highlight the need for industry to take on a leadership role in transparency and communication. Results also reinforce the importance of meaningful engagement and reporting of environmental standards, but also the need to monitor and report social standards. Comparison of Norway and Nova Scotia helps to understand the role of transparency and communication in achieving SLO, which may be key to promoting the development and sustainability of the salmon aquaculture industry worldwide.