Rabbit allergens: A significant risk for allergic sensitization in subjects without occupational exposure

Background: Although rabbits are becoming popular as pets, data about the characteristics of allergic sensitization to rabbit allergens in patients without professional exposure are scarce. Aims of the study: To determine the characteristics of allergic sensitization to pet rabbits, and the rote of direct and indirect exposure to rabbits and rabbit allergens in non-professionally exposed patients. Methods: From among 1124 consecutive outpatients, we selected all subjects with an immediate skin reaction to rabbit dander. A clinical history including a careful evaluation of the modality of rabbit exposure, the results of skin-prick tests (SPTs) and totat/specific IgE antibodies were recorded. The prevalence of rabbit ownership in the Naples area was also calculated. Results: Among 753 SPT-positive patients, 20 (2.65%) were sensitized to rabbit dander (5 patients were mono-sensitized). Fifteen patients reported direct rabbit contact (7 were rabbit owners and 8 had occasional contact outside the home); 3 patients had indirect exposure through contact with rabbit owners and 2 patients denied any direct or indirect exposure. Rabbit mono-sensitized owners of pet rabbits had persistent (moderate-severe) symptoms. The prevalence of rabbit ownership is 1.56%. Conclusions: In susceptible not professionally exposed individuals, direct rabbit contact and, in some cases, indirect or no apparent exposure, may induce allergic sensitization to rabbit allergens. A progressive increase in rabbit sensitization (also by indirect exposure) may be expected as a consequence of the increase in rabbit ownership. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.