Review of the impact of the 1999 Water Regulation in reducing Cryptosporidium contamination risk in groundwater public supplies

In 2000, the UK introduced a Cryptosporidium oocyst monitoring programme for groundwater public supplies as a consequence of a 1999 amendment to statutory water quality regulations in England and Wales. The programme, which is ongoing and was estimated to have cost c. 12 pound million (euro 17.4 million) by the end of 2005, has accumulated the largest and most comprehensive array of data on the presence of oocysts in raw groundwater in the UK to date, with 90 water treatment works subjected to continuous monitoring at one time or another between 2000 and 2005. The programme was preceded by a scrutiny of the future of over 180 groundwater supplies identified as significantly at risk by the 19 water utilities concerned. The results of this process and of the monitoring programme up to 2005 are examined and critically reviewed.