Normal manipulation for bas-relief modeling

We introduce a normal-based modeling framework for bas-relief generation and stylization which is motivated by the recent advancement in this topic. Creating bas-relief from normal images has successfully facilitated basrelief modeling in image space. However, the use of normal images in previous work is restricted to the cut-andpaste or blending operations of layers. These operations simply treat a normal vector as a pixel of a general color image. This paper is intended to extend normal-based methods by processing the normal image from a geometric perspective. Our method can not only generate a new normal image by combining various frequencies of existing normal images and details transferring, but also build bas-reliefs from a single RGB image and its edge-based sketch lines. In addition, we introduce an auxiliary function to represent a smooth base surface or generate a layered global shape. To integrate above considerations into our framework, we formulate the bas-relief generation as a variational problem which can be solved by a screened Poisson equation. One important advantage of our method is that it can generate more styles than previous methods and thus it expands the bas-relief shape space. We experimented our method on a range of normal images and it compares favorably to other popular classic and state-of-the-art methods.