A new flexible and resilient model for a smart grid considering joint power and reserve scheduling, vehicle-to-grid and demand response

The optimal, resilient and flexible operation of the power system is one of the most important challenges of the power grid. Fast resources as a backup capacity to provide power are one of the ways the power system to be more flexible and resilient. In this paper, a new joint power and reserve scheduling is done considering scheduling based on power instead of scheduling based on energy, the correct management of the thermal units' ramp, the use of responsive loads includes a collection of commercial customers and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the secondary (15-minute) and tertiary (30-minute) reserves and discharge management of PEVs. A part of the power demand of these responsive loads is provided as free by renewable resources in times when there are no bad weather conditions. The use of responsive loads, correct management of the ramp of thermal units and a part of the discharge of PEVs can help restore the network quickly. The mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) method has been used to solve the joint power and reserve scheduling problem. The results show that the proposed model can lead to more flexibility and resiliency of the system and reduce the cost of the system.