Institutional investors' ownership stability and firms' innovation

We examine the relationship between various measures of institutional ownership and investee firms' level of innovation as measured by the number of patents and patent citations. We find a direct association between the stability in the equity ownership of institutional investors and their investee firms' level of innovation. Our main finding would serve to reassure managers that they benefit from the support of long-term-oriented institutional investors who adopt a "buy and hold" investment philosophy as opposed to a "trading" philosophy. We also examine the association between the proportion of a firm's equity held by institutional investors and its innovation and find that it relies on the type of the investor. For instance, while there exists a positive association between mutual funds and firm innovation yet, the association is only positive for funds that actively manage their portfolios different from their benchmark index. Next, pressure-sensitive institutional investors' share-holdings are positively correlated with firm innovation; however, it is not necessarily the case for all the pressure-insensitive investors.