Saturated flow boiling heat transfer correlation for carbon dioxide for horizontal smooth tubes

Literature comprises fewer studies about flow boiling modelling of refrigerants for in tube flows. In addition, researches on two phase flow heat transfer are based on the mathematical models which were derived in a very limited operational condition and correlated for their own measurements. In this study, a new flow boiling model including the superposed effects of nucleate and convective boiling mechanisms is proposed through the minimization of the cumulative error between the proposed mathematical model and actual data by means of artificial cooperative search algorithm and applied to the database of R-744 (carbon dioxide), available from different studies in the literature. Predictions obtained from the proposed model have been compared with those of retained from the literature correlations developed for flow boiling in tubes. The comparison results indicate that the new model outperforms the literature correlations in terms of prediction accuracy. Results of the comparisons reveal that the proposed flow boiling mathematical model has a mean absolute relative error of 14.6% and predicts 76.7% of the experimental data within +/- 20.0%.