Utilization of Augmented Renal Clearance in Trauma Intensive Care Scoring System to Improve Vancomycin Dosing in Trauma Patients at Risk for Augmented Renal Clearance

Background: The Augmented Renal Clearance in Trauma Intensive Care (ARCTIC) scoring system is a validated system to predict augmented renal clearance in trauma patients. This study examined the ability of the ARCTIC score to identify patients at risk for subtherapeutic vancomycin trough concentrations relative to estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl) alone. Methods: Trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit from September 2012 to December 2017 who received vancomycin and had a vancomycin trough concentration recorded were included. Patients were excluded if their serum creatinine concentration was >1.3 mg/dL, if they had received vancomycin doses <30 mg/kg per day, an improperly timed trough concentration measurement, or renal replacement therapy. The primary endpoint was an initial subtherapeutic vancomycin trough concentration (<10 mg/L). Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to identify thresholds for the ARCTIC score and other continuous data where subtherapeutic troughs were more common. A step-wise logistic regression analysis was performed to control for confounders for subtherapeutic troughs whereby inclusion of ARCTIC was modeled sequentially after eCrCl. Results: A total of 119 patients with a mean age of 42 +/- 17 years and eCrCl 142 +/- 39 mL/min met the inclusion criteria. The mean daily vancomycin dose was 44 +/- 9 mg/kg, and the incidence of subtherapeutic trough concentration was 46%. The CART analysis identified two variables creating three groups where subtherapeutic trough concentrations differed: eCrCl >105 mL/min and ARCTIC score >= 7, eCrCl >105 mL/min and ARCTIC score <7, and eCrCl <= 105 mL/min. The base logistic regression model identified eCrCl >105 mL/min and pelvic fracture as risk factors for subtherapeutic trough values. The final model included the addition of ARCTIC score >= 7, which improved the model significantly (p = 0.009). Predictors of subtherapeutic trough concentrations were (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]): eCrCl >105 mL/min (6.5 [1.66-25.07]), ARCTIC score >= 7 (3.26 [1.31-8.09]), and pelvic fracture (4.36 [1.27-14.93]). Conclusion: The ARCTIC score is useful when applied in conjunction with eCrCl. Patients with a eCrCl >105 mL/min and an ARCTIC score >= 7 may require a more aggressive dosing strategy.