Acute coronary syndrome in infective endocarditis

Introduction and objectives. To describe the clinical, microbiologic, echocardiographic characteristics, and disease progression in patients who experience an acute coronary syndrome during an episode of endocarditis. Methods. The study included 586 consecutive patients who were diagnosed of infective endocarditis (481 left-sided) at one of five hospitals between 1995 and 2005. Results. Overall, 14 patients (2.9%) had an acute coronary syndrome. Their mean age was 50 (17) years, and 50% had a prosthetic valve. For 11 episodes of enclocarditis, laboratory cultures tested positive, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most frequently isolated microorganism. Vegetations were detected by transesophageal echography in 12 cases. The infection was located in the aortic valve in 12 cases. In the 14 patients, periannular complications were found more frequently (11 [78.6%] vs; 172 [36.8%1; P=.03), and their size was greater than in other patients. Thirteen had mode rate-to-severe valvular regurgitation. In most patients, acute coronary syndrome was an early complication of enclocarditis. Myocardial ischemia was due to an embolism in three cases and to coronary artery compression in eight. During follow-up, patients with acute coronary syndrome had higher incidences of heart failure (6 [42.85%] vs 77 [16.48%]; P=.021), cardiogenic shock (5 [35.7%] vs 71 [15.2%]; P=.038), complete atrioventricular block (4 [28.57%] vs 43 [9.2%]; P=.039), and mortality (9 [64.29%] vs 151 [32.33%]; P=.019). Conclusions. Acute coronary syndrome is usually an early complication of infective enclocarditis. It is associated with virulent microorganisms, aortic valve infection, severe valvular regurgitation, extensive periannular complications, and increased mortality. The most frequent cause of myocardial ischemia was coronary artery compression secondary to periannular complications.