Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Fixation Using Multiple Low-Profile Devices in Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation

Purpose: To introduce an arthroscopically assisted coracoclavicular (CC) fixation technique using multiple low-profile devices to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes in patients with acute high-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation. Methods: Between July 2014 and September 2015, cases of AC joint dislocation that were treated with arthroscopic CC fixation using multiple low-profile devices with a minimum follow-up of 24 months were included. We measured the vertical coracoclavicular distance (CCD) on the anteroposterior view and the horizontal acromioclavicular distance on 3-dimensional computed tomography images to evaluate the changes in radiologic outcomes before and after surgery. We compared final radiologic outcomes between initial AC reduction groups based on hierarchical clustering. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Constant-Murley score. Results: We enrolled 27 patients in total, and the mean follow-up period was 27.2 months. The mean CCD of the injured shoulder was 13.68 +/- 3.98 mm preoperatively and decreased to 5.72 +/- 1.68 mm immediately postoperatively but increased to 7.32 +/- 2.29 mm at last follow-up (P = .07). Horizontal displacement of the distal clavicle was 1.1 +/- 1.0 mm immediately postoperatively but decreased to 0.9 +/- 0.6 mm at last follow-up (P < .05). In particular, in the 2 groups that were determined using the hierarchical cluster analysis, patients with excellent recovery of the initial CCD (20 patients) showed less of an increase in the CCD at last follow-up than did those in the other group (7 patients) (P < .001). The Constant-Murley score was 93.5 +/- 2.7 points on the injured side at last follow-up (P = .074). Conclusions: Our CC fixation technique with multiple low-profile devices exhibited satisfactory clinical and radiologic outcomes. In particular, ensuring good initial recovery of the CCD and the precise placement and location of the AC joints was important in maintaining the proper AC position at the final follow-up.