What should every citizen know about ecology?

The level of ecological literacy among the general population in the US and other countries is not known, although there is widespread concern that it is too low to enable effective social responses to current problems. Here, we describe a framework for conceptualizing ecological literacy. This framework combines ideas and approaches from the social sciences with content deemed critical by ecology professionals. We conclude with key contentions and questions that should initiate a dialogue aimed at improving ecological literacy among the public. As ecological literacy was the theme of the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America in 2008, we believe it is time for this discussion to be expanded, increased in priority, and brought to fruition.