Examination of cancer in mouse models using high-frequency quantitative ultrasound

Two mouse models of mammary cancer (a carcinoma and sarcoma) were examined using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Scatterer property estimates, i.e., the average scatterer diameter (ASD) and average acoustic concentration (AAC), were estimated from regions-of-interest (ROIs) inside the tumors. Initially, the spherical Gaussian model was used over an analysis bandwidth of 10 to 25 MHz to obtain ASD and AAC estimates. ASD estimates were 31.7 +/- 9.36 mu m and 31.0 +/- 7.20 mu m for the carcinomas and sarcomas, respectively. AAC estimates were 6.77 +/- 8.75 dB[mm(-3)] and 9.87 +/- 9.24 dB[mm(-3)], respectively. The initial ASD and AAC estimates did not yield statistically significant differences between the two kinds of tumors (p = 0.83, 0.86 for the ASD and AAC estimates, respectively). However, optical photomicrographs revealed distinct morphologic differences between the tumors. F-tests on the average power spectra from the tumors revealed statistically significant differences between the spectra over the range of 16 to 25 MHz. ASD and AAC estimates using the spherical Gaussian model were then obtained over the new analysis bandwidth of 16 to 25 MHz. The new ASD estimates were 42.1 +/- 4.01 mu m and 32.1 +/- 3.81 mu m for the carcinomas and sarcomas, respectively. The new AAC estimates were 16.4 +/- 17.1 dB[mm(-3)] and 36.4 +/- 11.9 dB[mm(-3)], respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed for both the ASD and AAC estimates when using the new analysis bandwidth. Structural differences between the tumors were revealed by both QUS and optical photomicrographs.