Morphology and stress at silicon-glass interface in anodic bonding

The morphologies and structural details of formed silica at the interface of silicon-glass anodic bonding determine the stress at the interface but they have been rarely clarified. In this study, a miniaturized anodic bonding device was developed and coupled with a Raman spectrometer. The silicon-glass anodic bonding was carried out and the evolution of the stress at the bonding interface was measured in situ by a Raman spectrometer. In addition, large-scale atomistic simulations were conducted by considering the formed silica with different morphologies. The most conceivable silica morphology was identified as the corresponding silicon-glass interfacial stress presents qualitatively agreement with the experimental observation. It was found that amorphous SiO2 is the silica morphology generated in anodic bonding. The amorphous SiO2 thickness is at least 2 nm in the case of 90 min anodic bonding at 400 degrees C with the DC voltage of -1000 V. The combination of experimental and simulation results can ascertain the silicon oxidation reaction rate in anodic bonding process, and under the above-mentioned condition, the reaction rate was estimated as 0.022 nm min(-1) from 30 to 90 min. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.