A reference-model for holonic Supply Chain management

IT systems are getting more connected, more network-like and hence more complex, The question arises, how such systems with steadily increasing complexity could be managed? Therefore new innovative approaches like Arthur Koestler's Holon approach are needed. This method arose in the 60's of the past century as a philosophical work based upon a collection of: parables, but not much tested and used yet. This paper describes how this approach is deployed for the Supply Chain domain as a reference model for Supply Chain Networks. It can be shown, that based on better methods for the complexity management better efficiency as well as effectiveness can be achieved.