Interest in instrumental variable (IV) analyses using genetic instruments has been growing over the past 4 years. The background, strength and weaknesses of this approach, which in the epidemiology literature has been referred to as 'Mendelian randomization', has been recently reviewed by Lawlor et al. (Statist. Med. 2007. DOI: 10.1002/sim.3034). We suggest a change in the nomenclature of 'Mendelian randomization' and discuss issues relevant to IV analysis including instrument validation, motivation of IV analysis and interpretation of IV estimates in order to motivate a more consistent and standard use of IV analysis across applications using genetic instruments. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland
McKeigue, Paul M.
Campbell, Harry
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Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland
Campbell, Harry
Wild, Sarah
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Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland
Wild, Sarah
Vitart, Veronique
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Western Gen Hosp, MRC Human Genet Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland
Vitart, Veronique
Hayward, Caroline
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Western Gen Hosp, MRC Human Genet Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland
Hayward, Caroline
Rudan, Igor
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Western Gen Hosp, MRC Human Genet Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland
Univ Split, Croatian Ctr Global Hlth, Fac Med, Split, CroatiaUniv Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland
Rudan, Igor
Wright, Alan F.
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Western Gen Hosp, MRC Human Genet Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland
Wright, Alan F.
Wilson, James F.
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Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Edinburgh, Sch Med, Div Community Hlth Sci, Publ Hlth Sci Sect, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland
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Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Stat & Data Sci, Singapore, Singapore
Natl Univ Singapore, Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, SingaporeNatl Univ Singapore, Dept Stat & Data Sci, Singapore, Singapore
Seng, Loraine Liping
Liu, Ching-Ti
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Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA
Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Stat, Tainan, TaiwanNatl Univ Singapore, Dept Stat & Data Sci, Singapore, Singapore
Liu, Ching-Ti
Wang, Jingli
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Nankai Univ, Sch Stat & Data Sci, Tianjin, Peoples R ChinaNatl Univ Singapore, Dept Stat & Data Sci, Singapore, Singapore
Wang, Jingli
Li, Jialiang
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Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Stat & Data Sci, Singapore, Singapore
Natl Univ Singapore, Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, SingaporeNatl Univ Singapore, Dept Stat & Data Sci, Singapore, Singapore
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Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Gen Med Res Sect, 1309 Beacon St,2nd Floor, Brookline, MA 02446 USAHarvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Mukamal, Kenneth J.
Stampfer, Meir J.
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Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USAHarvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Stampfer, Meir J.
Rimm, Eric B.
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Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USAHarvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA