Anxiety, affect, depression and cigarette consumption

In recent years several studies have shown that cigarette consumption is related to anxiety, affect and depression. In the present study we analyze this relationship in a representative sample of the adult population of Galicia (Spain) (N = 1,615, 18 or more years). Anxiety is assessed with the Trait-Scale of STAI by Spielberger er al., affect with the PANAS Scales by Watson and Tellegen and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory both in smokers and in non-smokers. Results of our study confirm a relationship between depression, negative affect and cigarette consumption and, especially, in the subjects with a consumption of 31 or more cigarettes daily. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. Al! rights reserved.