Steady-state methods of differential-algebraic equations in circuit simulation

In the paper, we study the steady-state methods of large dynamic systems. For a nonlinear system of differential-algebraic equations with a known period T, we decouple it, in function space, into linear subsystems by quasilinearization. The resulting linear dynamic systems can be solved by a waveform Krylov subspace method. For the autonomous case, that is, the period T is unknown, the well-known shooting process can be applied where Newton iterations are computed with pseudo-inverse.