Approximate limit design of frames using elastic analysis

An approximate lower bound approach for the estimation of limit states in frame structures is presented in this paper. The method uses conventional elastic finite element analysis and the elastic compensation method, developed previously by Mackenzie and Boyle, applied to the lower bound limit load theorem using generalized yield criteria for slender beams. Several examples of two- and three-dimensional beam and frame structures are investigated; the results obtained are in good agreement with previously published results. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.