Ocular emergencies

Background General practitioners, especially those located in country areas, are commonly the first contact for many patients with an ocular emergency. Objective This article aims to provide the GP with a guide to several relatively common ocular emergencies relevant to the general practice setting. It details assessment, initial management and referral planning. Discussion Successful patient outcomes in the setting of ocular emergencies depends on correct recognition and assessment as well as appropriate initial management and referral. Assessment involves a concise history, observation, pupil examination; ocular movements should be tested in patients with a suspected orbital wall fracture. Documentation of visual acuity or subjective vision is vital. Important conditions to recognise include penetrating injuries, nonpenetrating injuries, chemical burns, acute angle closure glaucoma, orbital cellulitis and retinal detachment.