Pediatric ocular emergencies

There are few ocular emergencies that are unique to the pediatric patient.(37) Most ocular emergencies are traumatic in origin, and the prognosis often is determined by the extent of the injury. Some congenital anomalies that may present as ocular emergencies are also discussed. The focus of this article is recognition and initial therapy for the more common pediatric ocular emergencies. There are several excellent textbooks that provide more detailed information regarding the surgical procedures.(5,30-32,70,85,86) Referral may be indicated for procedures requiring special instrumentation or expertise, but accurate assessment of the problem is the first important step. Any animal exhibiting acute ocular pain, deformity of the globe or orbit, loss of vision, or change in appearance of the eye should be given immediate veterinary attention. A thorough accurate history and a complete physical examination are essential. Maintenance of pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological functions takes precedence over vision in emergency situations. These systems must be stable before definitive ocular therapy can be carried out.