Smartgrids and distributed generation: the future electricity networks of the European Union

A new concept for the European electrical system is emerging where a portion of the electricity generated by large conventional plants will be displaced by a great number of small generators disseminated throughout the territory. In this scenario, each customer will be interfaced with both the distribution system and the energy market, becoming consumer and producer at the same time. The system was presented as "SmartGrids" and represents a future European technology platform with the following aims: to improve the European competitive position while pursuing sustainability and environmental protection; to promote cooperation among member states; to establish a well-targeted reference frame where researchers will be encouraged to suggest innovative solutions. In this paper a general survey of the new system is presented and discussed with special focus on possible future scenarios