The Protective Effects of Nigella sativa Oil and Allium sativum Extract on Amikacin-induced Nephrotoxicity

Amikacin is a valuable aminoglycoside in serious infections. However, its use is associated with undesirable renal toxicity. This study was designed to check the effect of Nigella saliva oil and Allium sativum extract in ameliorating amikacin-induced renal damage by using a rat model of nephrotoxicity. Rats received nephrotoxic dose of amikacin and the amelioration of amikacin-induccd nephrotoxicity was assessed through microscopic lesion scoring of damaged renal tissue and estimating the changes in biomarkers of tissue damage. Nigella saliva oil and Allium sativum extract significantly decreased the levels of NO, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, they increased the level of reduced glutathione. These changes are indicative for lower tissue damage and reduced free radical formation. These results were coinciding with the lower levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine (which were significantly elevated in amikacin treated groups). Semi-quantitative analysis of cellular infiltration, necrosis of tubular cells and tubular cellular damage indicated the protective effect of the used plant materials in reducing renal damage induced by amikacin. By using a rat model, Nigella saliva oil and Allium sativum extract efficiently ameliorated the renal toxic effect of amikacin. Further studies are required for applications in other animals or human subjects.