Diagnostic Accuracy of Different Histological Stains for Helicobacter Pylori Detection, taking Immunohistochemistry as Gold Standard

Aim: Helicobacter pylori infection has been ascertained to play pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and gastric neoplasia. (1)The present study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of H&E stain and Giemsa stain for the histological diagnosis of helicobacter pylori by taking immunohistochemical staining as a gold standard. Methods: A total of 155 cases were included in our study. The received biopsies were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, grossed and stained with H&E and giemsa stain. A board of histopathologists analyzed the morphological details to ascertain the diagnosis. The biopsies were stained by using immunohistochemical techniques against H. pylori antigens, and the procedure was performed according to the guidelines provided by the manufacturer considering the appropriate positive and negative controls for staining. IHC staining was evaluated autonomously and recorded on the proforma as positive and negative cases. Results: In our study, mean age was calculated as 38.4 +/- 11.57 years, 74(47.74%) were male and 81(52.26%) were females, frequency of H.Pylori on gold standard was recorded as 109(70.32%), the diagnostic accuracy of hematoxylin-eosin stain for helicobacter pylori detection by taking immunohistochemical staining as a gold standard measure was calculated as 63.30%, 65.22%, 81.18%, 42.86% and 63.87% for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate respectively, while these findings were recorded as 74.31%, 80.43%, 90%, 56.92% and 76.12% for Giemsa stain. Conclusion: We concluded that the diagnostic accuracy of H&E and Giemsa stains for detection of HP is promising and cost-effective method in our population.