CAR-T-Cell Therapy: Present Progress and Future strategies

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses the patient's immune system. It creates cancer-killing T cells through genetic modification that targets tumor antigens. CAR consists of three fundamental units, the extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains. CARs are rapidly evolving with progress in the field of immunotherapy starting from first-generation CARs to next-generation CARs. Different cancer types, including B-cell malignancies, are being treated by CART therapy. The FDA has approved two CART therapies, namely, tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel. The recently approved CART products are Lisocabtagene maraleucel and Idecabtagene vicleucel. Despite the success of CART therapy, several limitations, including cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, need to be overcome. In the present review, we have provided an overview of CAR generations, their applications, potential limitations, and possible solutions for improving CART therapy for a variety of tumor types.