Beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid on cognition in age-related cognitive decline

Background Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an important role in neural function Decreases in plasma DHA are associated with cognitive decline in healthy elderly adults and in patients with Alzheimer's disease Higher DHA intake is inversely correlated with relative risk of Alzheimer's disease The potential benefits of DHA supplementation in age related cognitive decline (ARCD) have not been fully examined Objective Determine effects of DHA administration on improving cognitive functions in healthy older adults with ARCD Methods Randomized, double blind placebo controlled, clinical study was conducted at 19 U S clinical sites A total of 485 healthy subjects, aged >= 55 with Mini-Mental State Examination >26 and a Logical Memory (Wechsler Memory Scale III) baseline score >= 1 standard deviation below younger adults were randomly assigned to 900 mg/d of DHA orally or matching placebo for 24 weeks The primary outcome was the CANTAB Paired Associate Learning (PAL) a visuospatial learning and episodic memory test Results Intention to-treat analysis demonstrated significantly fewer PAL six pattern errors with DHA versus placebo at 24 weeks (difference score, -1 63 +/- 0 76 [-3 1 -0 14 95% CI], P = 03) DHA supplementation was also associated with improved immediate and delayed Verbal Recognition Memory scores (P < 02) but not working memory or executive function tests Plasma DHA levels doubled and correlated with improved PAL scores (P < 02) in the DHA group DHA was well tolerated with no reported treatment related serious adverse events Conclusions Twenty-four week supplementation with 900 mg/d DHA improved learning and memory function in ARCD and is a beneficial supplement that supports cognitive health with aging Trial Registration Clinicaltrials gov Identifier NCT0027813 (C) 2010 The Alzheimer's Association All rights reserved