3 dimensional fabrics for ballistic impact response: A Critical Evaluation

3-dimensional fabrics have good impact resistance property to replace the existing 2-dimensional ballistic fabric. Ballistic mechanism involves complex mechanisms and its mechanical response largely depends upon the thickness, strength, weight properties of the fabric along with the projectile testing conditions. This paper also discusses the effect of various stacking sequencing of hybrid composite on ballistic impact performance. With the recent development of high- performance fibers having very high strength, high young's modulus has led their use as fabrics for various impact applications. In this review paper, more than 30 studies have been studied on using 3-dimensional fabrics for ballistic application is outlined. Also, various technical approaches for understanding the complex ballistic mechanism in case of 3-dimensional fabrics on comparison with 2-dimensional fabrics are discussed. The different influential parameters for 3-dimensional fabrics which prominently affect the ballistic impact performance are highlighted. While discussing, we look upon the experimental research work done using 3-dimensional fabrics and its ballistic performance. For future scope, evaluation of 3D woven fabrics with different types of weaves can be evaluated to check its performance against the existing soft armor fabrics by reducing the weight of soft armor per sq mtr. Also, impact study can be carried out for similar weaving architecture of 3D woven fabric and varied yarn to check the effect of yarn in its ballistic performance.