The structure and properties of copper coatings deposited in pulse modes

In the present paper, we study the structure, substructure, the electrical and mechanical properties of the copper coatings obtained by means of the pulse current at several pulse parameters, as follows, frequency and on-line time ratio. The research of structure of the coatings is of special attention. It is found that: (i) at the use of the unipolar current, the columnar structure in the cross-section is observed, and (ii) at the use of the reversal current, the block structure appears. By means of the program-controlled pulse current, the multilayer copper coatings are obtained for the first time. It is shown that we can control both the structure and properties of the copper coatings varying the modes of the pulse current.