Creation and motion of edge dislocations in copper single crystals

Dislocations were created near the center of the surface (1 (1) over bar 0) of copper small crystals whose surfaces are (111), ((1) over bar (1) over bar (1) over bar), (1 (1) over bar 0), ((1) over bar 10), (11 (2) over bar), and((1) over bar (1) over bar 2) by use of n-body atom potential and molecular dynamics. At first, a Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocation was created. As the partial dislocation proceeds,the partial dislocation and the surface was connected with a Stacking fault until the next Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocation was created at the surface. Just before the creation of a partial dislocation the stress was the highest. For larger crystals, forming a step on (110) plane was not enough and a shear was necessary to move dislocations.