Behaviour of girder webs subjected to patch loading

This paper concerns the behaviour of bridge girder webs subjected to concentrated forces that are introduced in the web during launching, a load case usually referred to as patch loading. So far, this type of loading has, in engineering practice, been dealt with using formulas originating from investigations concerning the ultimate load carrying capacity. Numerous bridge launchings have, however, led to unwanted damages of the girder web, i.e. plastic deformations of such magnitudes that the webs had to be repaired. To avoid these damages it is necessary to have a design method, for launching situations, which focuses more on avoiding some irreversible behaviour than on the ultimate load carrying capacity. Such a design method has to be based on a deeper understanding of the behaviour of the girder. In Ref. [1] the first author discusses the fact that yielding of the flange occurs only after the web plate has been severely damaged. This paper describes the deformation behaviour of the web plate due to patch loading. For small loads the deformations will be similar to the first linear buckling mode. As the load increases a smaller buckle, in the opposite direction, will start to develop in the web plate close to the load. This behaviour, which may be named post-critical buckling, occurs also for girders of a perfectly elastic material. The investigations are based on laboratory tests and non-linear finite element analyses of three typical girders representing different slenderness categories. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.