TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THERMAL PROCESSES OF SOIL CLEANING FROM OIL POLLUTION

The method developed and presented in this article for the thermal extraction of oil products from oil-contaminated lands differs from the previously known ones in that the thermal processing of rock is carried out in a direct-flow apparatus in a fluidized bed with the supply of the necessary heat through the walls of radiation heaters. Plants of this type can be placed on mobile vehicles and delivered to places of oil spills on soils immediately. To create a fluidized bed of rock and to displace the extracted vapors of oil and water into a distributor located in the lower part of the apparatus, circulating hydrocarbon gas of the installation itself is supplied. From the accumulated mixture of petroleum products by vacuum distillation, fr. IBP -350 degrees C in order to clarify the possibility of its use as diesel fuel or naval fuel oil. Exit fr. from IBP - 350 degrees C in the total mixture of petroleum products is 46.1% of the mass. Study of the qualitative characteristics of fr. from IBP- 350 degrees C shows the possibility of using it as a component of diesel fuel or as a Fleet fuel oil. Analysis of the quality of the residual fraction boiling above 350 degrees C showed the possibility of using it as fuel oil 40 according to GOST 10585-2013. Also, a wide fraction of petroleum product recovered from oil-contaminated lands and a fraction of IBP -350 degrees C, isolated from it, were investigated as a feedstock for catalytic cracking. Their cracking was carried out on a unit with a fluidized bed of a zeolite-containing catalyst Zeokar-600 at a process temperature of 440-450 degrees C, a weight feed rate of the raw material - 0.5 h(-1). The yield of liquid products of the process was 85.5 and 88.8%, gasoline fractions 42.3 and 47.8% of the mas., accordingly. The octane number of the obtained gasoline fractions in pure form is 82.8-82.9 points