Embryo and early larval stages of the Humboldt Current krill Euphausia mucronata (Crustacea: Euphausiacea)

The Humboldt Current krill, Euphausia mucronata (Crustacea: Euphausiacea), is an endemic and keystone species in the food web of this highly productive eastern border current ecosystem. The morphology and ontogeny of E. mucronata is known from calyptopis I to the adult phase, but the embryonic and early-life stages (nauplius and metanauplius) of this broadcast spawning species are unknown. We describe the morphology and development time of these life stages to complete the knowledge of its life cycle. Embryos were obtained from purple-gonad gravid females collected off Dichato, central Chile, during November 2012. Eight gravid females (mean=16mm total length) were incubated in seawater at 12 degrees C under laboratory conditions. The average development time from single-cell embryos to the metanauplius stage was 2.2d and hatching occurred between 20 and 25h. The average growth rate was 0.35mmd(-1) from the late limb bud to the metanauplius stage (range=0.21-0.48mmd(-1)). Embryos of E. mucronata had a mean chorion diameter of 0.460mm, embryo diameter of 0.343mm, and perivitelline space of 0.056mm. Our biological information reported here constitutes a baseline for future ecological studies on distribution and temporal variability of spawning activity and reproductive strategies of E. mucronata in the highly variable and productive Humboldt Current ecosystem.