Experimental Space-Division Multiplexed Polarization-Entanglement Distribution through 12 Paths of a Multicore Fiber

The development and wide application of quantum technologies highly depend on the capacity of the communication channels distributing entanglement. Space-division multiplexing (SDM) enhances data channel transmission capacity in classical telecommunication and bears the potential to transfer the idea to quantum communication using current infrastructure. Here, we demonstrate a SDM of polarization-entangled photons over a 411 m long 19-core multicore fiber distributing polarization-entangled photon pairs through up to 12 channels simultaneously. The quality of the multiplexed transfer is evidenced by high polarization visibility and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality violation for each pair of opposite cores. Our distribution scheme shows high stability over 24 h without any active polariza-tion stabilization and can be effortlessly adapted to a higher number of channels. This technique increases the quantum-channel capacity and allows the reliable implementation of quantum networks of multiple users based on a single entangled photon pair source.