Marine Sponge: A Potential Source for Methoxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Asia-Pacific Food Web

被引:28
|
作者
Haraguchi, Koichi [1 ]
Kato, Yoshihisa [2 ]
Ohta, Chiho [3 ]
Koga, Nobuyuki [3 ]
Endo, Tetsuya [4 ]
机构
[1] Daiichi Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Minami Ku, Fukuoka 8158511, Japan
[2] Tokushima Bunri Univ, Kagawa Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Kagawa 7692193, Japan
[3] Nakamura Gakuen Univ, Fac Nutr Sci, Fukuoka 8140198, Japan
[4] Hlth Sci Univ Hokkaido, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan
基金
日本学术振兴会;
关键词
OH-PBDE; MeO-PBDE; marine sponge; fish; natural production; Palau; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; BALTIC SEA; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; DYSIDEA-HERBACEA; BLUE MUSSELS; MEO-PBDES; IDENTIFICATION; PHENOLS; DENDYI; JAPAN;
D O I
10.1021/jf203458r
中图分类号
S [农业科学];
学科分类号
09 ;
摘要
Marine sponges collected in Palau, Micronesia, were investigated for hydroxylated or methoxylated analogues of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), brominated dibenzo-p-dioxin (BDD), and brominated biphenyls. The neutral fractions of Haliclona sp. and Callyspongia sp. contained 2'-methoxy-2,3',4,5'-tetraBDE, 6-methoxy-2,2',4,4'-tetraBDE, 2',6-dimethoxy-2,3',4,5-tetraBDE 2,2'-dimethoxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl, several methoxy-triBDEs, and dimethoxy-penta-/hexaBDEs. The methoxylated BDEs in sponges were strikingly similar to those of local fish living in the western Pacific Ocean. The total concentrations of these compounds (Sigma MeO-PBDE) in both sponges were 63.5 mu g/g extractable organic matter (EOM) for Haliclona sp. and 36.5 mu g/g EOM for Callyspongia sp., which were about 2 orders of magnitude higher than the levels seen in tropical coral reef fish (unicornfish or surgeonfish) (280-290 ng/g lipid) and groupers (550 ng/g lipid) from Okinawan coastal waters. The phenolic fractions of both sponges contained hydroxy-methoxy tetra-/pentaBDEs as well as hydroxy-tetraBDD, in addition to the corresponding phenolic tetraBDE analogues. Although the total concentrations of phenolic products (27-80 mu g/g EOM) in both sponges fell within a range comparable to the methoxylated products, Sigma OH-PBDE in local fish were trace level (less than 10 ng/g lipid of) or undetectable. This survey indicates that marine sponges are a possible source of the MeO-PBDE analogues that biomagnify via the food chain to the higher trophic organisms in the western Pacific, whereas the distribution of the corresponding hydroxylated analogues is limited.
引用
收藏
页码:13102 / 13109
页数:8
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