Stress-strain constitutive equations of concrete material at elevated temperatures

The paper presents a critical review of the currently available models for the mechanical behaviour of concrete at elevated temperatures. Based on these models and experimental data a stress strain-temperature model is proposed which incorporates the effect of transient strain implicitly. This model can be easily incorporated into existing commercial finite element analysis software. A numerical example on a wall element heated on two opposite faces indicates that at very early stages of heating transient strain does not play an important part, but that as the exposure time increases the effect of ignoring transient strain progressively increases and produces unconservative estimates of load carrying capacity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.