Diagnostic delay in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

We investigated delay in diagnosing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The median time from initial symptom to diagnosis was 74 days (range 1-1643) in 111 PML patients seen at our institution from 1993 to 2015. Another diagnosis was considered before PML in nearly two-thirds, and more than three-quarters of patients suffered from diagnostic delay greater than 1 month, irrespective of their underlying immunosuppressive condition. Extended diagnostic delay occurred more frequently in patients with possible PML, and among HIV+ patients with higher CD4(+) T-cell counts at symptom onset. Prompt diagnosis may improve survival of PML in so far as immune reconstitution can be effected, and prevent unnecessary interventions.