Detection of iron emission lines and a temperature inversion on the dayside of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-20b

被引：28

作者：

Yan, F. ^{[1
]}

Reiners, A. ^{[1
]}

Palle, E. ^{[2
,3
]}

Shulyak, D. ^{[4
,5
]}

Stangret, M. ^{[2
,3
]}

Molaverdikhani, K. ^{[6
,7
,8
]}

Nortmann, L. ^{[1
]}

Molliere, P. ^{[7
]}

Henning, Th ^{[7
]}

Casasayas-Barris, N. ^{[9
]}

Cont, D. ^{[1
]}

Chen, G. ^{[10
,11
]}

Czesla, S. ^{[12
,13
]}

Sanchez-Lopez, A. ^{[9
]}

Lopez-Puertas, M. ^{[5
]}

Ribas, I ^{[14
,15
]}

Quirrenbach, A. ^{[6
]}

Caballero, J. A. ^{[16
]}

Amado, P. J. ^{[5
]}

Galadi-Enriquez, D. ^{[17
]}

Khalafinejad, S. ^{[6
]}

Lara, L. M. ^{[5
]}

Montes, D. ^{[18
,19
]}

Morello, G. ^{[2
]}

Nagel, E. ^{[12
,13
]}

Sedaghati, E. ^{[5
]}

Zapatero Osorio, M. R. ^{[20
]}

Zechmeister, M. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Georg August Univ, Inst Astrophys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[2] Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC, Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38200, Spain

[3] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38026, Spain

[4] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany

[5] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron S-N, Granada 18008, Spain

[6] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Landessternwarte, Konigstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[7] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[8] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Univ Sternwarte Munchen, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

[9] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Postbus 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[10] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, CAS Key Lab Planetary Sci, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China

[11] CAS Ctr Excellence Comparat Planetol, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China

[12] Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany

[13] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany

[14] Inst Ciencies Espai CSIC IEEC, Campus UAB,C Can Magrans S-N, Barcelona 08193, Spain

[15] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain

[16] ESAC, Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain

[17] Ctr Astron Hispanoaleman CSIC Junta Andalucia, Observ Astron Calar Alto, Almeria 04550, Spain

[18] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Tierra & Astrofis, Madrid 28040, Spain

[19] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, IPARCOS UCM Inst Fis Particulas & Cosmos UCM, Madrid 28040, Spain

[20] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Carretera Ajalvir,Km 4, Madrid 28850, Spain

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2022年 / 659卷

基金：

欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: individual: MASCARA-2b/KELT-20b; techniques: spectroscopic; RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; IONIZED CALCIUM; GIANT EXOPLANET; GAPS PROGRAM; PHASE CURVES; FE I; SPECTRUM; WASP-33B; DISSOCIATION;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/202142395

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are gas giants with very high equilibrium temperatures. In recent years, multiple chemical species, including various atoms and ions, have been discovered in their atmospheres. Most of these observations have been performed with transmission spectroscopy, although UHJs are also ideal targets for emission spectroscopy due to their strong thermal radiation. We present highresolution thermal emission spectroscopy of the transiting UHJ KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b. The observation was performed with the CARMENES spectrograph at orbital phases before and after the secondary eclipse. We detected atomic Fe using the cross-correlation technique. The detected Fe lines are in emission, which unambiguously indicates a temperature inversion on the dayside hemisphere. We furthermore retrieved the temperature structure with the detected Fe lines. The result shows that the atmosphere has a strong temperature inversion with a temperature of 4900 +/- 700 K and a pressure of 10-4.8(-1.1)(+1.0) bar at the upper layer of the inversion. A joint retrieval of the CARMENES data and the TESS secondary eclipse data returns a temperature of 2550(-250)(+150) K and a pressure of 10(-1.5-0.6+0.7 )bar at the lower layer of the temperature inversion. The detection of such a strong temperature inversion is consistent with theoretical simulations that predict an inversion layer on the dayside of UHJs. The joint retrieval of the CARMENES and TESS data demonstrates the power of combing high-resolution emission spectroscopy with secondary eclipse photometry in characterizing atmospheric temperature structures.

引用

页数：12

共 36 条

[21] Atmospheric characterization of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33b: Detection of Ti and V emission lines and retrieval of a broadened line profile
Cont, D.
Yan, F.
Reiners, A.
Nortmann, L.
Molaverdikhani, K.
Palle, E.
Henning, Th
Ribas, I
Quirrenbach, A.
Caballero, J. A.
Amado, P. J.
Czesla, S.
Lesjak, F.
Lopez-Puertas, M.
Molliere, P.
Montes, D.
Morello, G.
Nagel, E.
Pedraz, S.
Sanchez-Lopez, A.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2022, 668
[22] Detection of Ionized Calcium in the Atmosphere of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76b
Deibert, Emily K.
de Mooij, Ernst J. W.
Jayawardhana, Ray
Turner, Jake D.
Ridden-Harper, Andrew
Fossati, Luca
Hood, Callie E.
Fortney, Jonathan J.
Flagg, Laura
MacDonald, Ryan
Allart, Romain
Sing, David K.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2021, 919 (02)
[23] Detection of neutral atomic species in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b
Cabot, Samuel H. C.
Madhusudhan, Nikku
Welbanks, Luis
Piette, Anjali
Gandhi, Siddharth
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2020, 494 (01) : 363 - 377
[24] Atmospheric characterization of the ultra-hot Jupiter MASCARA-2b/KELT-20b: Detection of CaII, FeII, NaI, and the Balmer series of H (Hα, Hβ, and Hγ) with high-dispersion transit spectroscopy (vol 629, A9, 2019)
Casasayas-Barris, N.
Palle, E.
Yan, F.
Chen, G.
Kohl, S.
Stangret, M.
Parviainen, H.
Helling, Ch.
Watanabe, N.
Czesla, S.
Fukui, A.
Montanes-Rodriguez, P.
Nagel, E.
Narita, N.
Nortmann, L.
Nowak, G.
Schmitt, J. H. M. M.
Zapatero Osorio, M. R.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2020, 640
[25] The GAPS Programme at TNG: XXXIII. HARPS-N detects multiple atomic species in emission from the dayside of KELT-20b
Borsa, F.
Giacobbe, P.
Bonomo, A.S.
Brogi, M.
Pino, L.
Fossati, L.
Lanza, A.F.
Nascimbeni, V.
Sozzetti, A.
Amadori, F.
Benatti, S.
Biazzo, K.
Bignamini, A.
Boschin, W.
Claudi, R.
Cosentino, R.
Covino, E.
Desidera, S.
Fiorenzano, A.F.M.
Guilluy, G.
Harutyunyan, A.
Maggio, A.
Maldonado, J.
Mancini, L.
Micela, G.
Molinari, E.
Molinaro, M.
Pagano, I.
Pedani, M.
Piotto, G.
Poretti, E.
Rainer, M.
Scandariato, G.
Stoev, H.
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2022, 663
[26] SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR A TEMPERATURE INVERSION IN THE DAYSIDE ATMOSPHERE OF HOT JUPITER WASP-33b
Haynes, Korey
Mandell, Avi M.
Madhusudhan, Nikku
Deming, Drake
Knutson, Heather
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2015, 806 (02):
[27] The GAPS Programme at TNG XXXIII. HARPS-N detects multiple atomic species in emission from the dayside of KELT-20b
Borsa, F.
Giacobbe, P.
Bonomo, A. S.
Brogi, M.
Pino, L.
Fossati, L.
Lanza, A. F.
Nascimbeni, V
Sozzetti, A.
Amadori, F.
Benatti, S.
Biazzo, K.
Bignamini, A.
Boschin, W.
Claudi, R.
Cosentino, R.
Covino, E.
Desidera, S.
Fiorenzano, A. F. M.
Guilluy, G.
Harutyunyan, A.
Maggio, A.
Maldonado, J.
Mancini, L.
Micela, G.
Molinari, E.
Molinaro, M.
Pagano, I
Pedani, M.
Piotto, G.
Poretti, E.
Rainer, M.
Scandariato, G.
Stoev, H.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2022, 663
[28] Detection of Paschen β absorption in the atmosphere of KELT-9 b A new window into the atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters
Sanchez-Lopez, A.
Lin, L.
Snellen, I. A. G.
Casasayas-Barris, N.
Munoz, A. Garcia
Lampon, M.
Lopez-Puertas, M.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2022, 666
[29] Evidence for Nightside Water Emission Found in Transit of Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33 b
Yang, Yuanheng
Chen, Guo
Yan, Fei
Tan, Xianyu
Ji, Jianghui
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2024, 971 (01)
[30] Confirmation of Iron Emission Lines and Nondetection of TiO on the Dayside of KELT-9b with MAROON-X
Kasper, David
Bean, Jacob L.
Line, Michael R.
Seifahrt, Andreas
Stuermer, Julian
Pino, Lorenzo
Desert, Jean-Michel
Brogi, Matteo
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2021, 921 (01)

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