Hypogonadism and Testosterone Therapy: Associations With Cardiovascular Risk

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) use is increasing, primarily in men with symptomatic hypogonadism. There are many benefits associated with TRT use, including improved sexual function, improved bone mineral density, and increased free fat mass and strength. As TRT use increases, its role on cardiovascular health must be explored. While previous evidence identified no adverse cardiovascular risks associated with TRT use, more recent studies suggest that there may be an associated risk, especially in elderly men and younger men with cardiac disease. Care must be taken with TRT use in these groups of men by careful monitoring for cardiac dysfunction. While testosterone therapy has many benefits and may generally be well tolerated, those prescribing the therapy must be cognizant of the potential adverse cardiovascular risks and advise men on the potential risks versus benefits.