Charge transfer via interfaces, especially of nanoscale materials

Nanoscale materials and their properties are mainly defined by the interface material and its properties. The charge transfer in those materials, i.e., across and along interfaces is complex. In contrast to classical charge transfer via direct tunneling dying away quickly in 0.5 nm, most charges are transferred at interfaces via resonant tunneling and higher-order intermediate state tunneling bridging 2-25 nm. The basic concepts of this incoherent charge transfer are presented and known intermediate states are elucidated and model systems are discussed.