Effects of Sitagliptin as Monotherapy and Add-On to Metformin on Weight Loss among Overweight and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Sitagliptin is known as an antidiabetic agent inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Although sitagliptin may influence weight, controversial results have been reported, and there is no general agreement on this issue. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of sitagliptin as monotherapy and add-on therapy to metformin on weight reduction in overweight or obese cases with type 2 diabetes. Methods We reviewed the following databases to identify all relevant papers published until 1st April 2021: Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The research included all clinical trials investigating the effect of sitagliptin in obese or overweight adult patients with type 2 diabetes without any language restriction. Results In total, eighteen randomized controlled trials with 2009 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Results showed supplementation of sitagliptin has led to weight loss for sitagliptin treated (MD - 0.99; 95 % CI; (-1.87, - 0.12); p = 0.026)) and sitagliptin + metformin treated groups (MD -1.09; 95 % CI; (-1.69, -0.49); p < 0.001)). Also, the intervention has influenced body mass index in sitagliptin treated (MD -0.23; 95 % CI; (-0.45, 0.02); p = 0.033)) and sitagliptin + metformin treated groups (MD - 0.52; 95 % CI; (-0.96, 0.08); p = 0.020)) comparing to placebo. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that sitagliptin administration with or without metformin might reduce the body weight and body mass index if these drugs are taken for more than 6 months.