The biochemistry of ketogenesis and its role in weight management, neurological disease and oxidative stress

被引:70
|
作者
McPherson, Peter Andrew C. [1 ]
McEneny, Jane [2 ]
机构
[1] Belfast Metropolitan Coll, Sch Appl Sci Chem, Belfast BT3 9DT, Antrim, North Ireland
[2] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Med Dent & Biomed Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland
关键词
Alzheimer's disease; Atkin's diet; Epilepsy; Diabetes; Free radicals; Ketogenic diets; Ketone bodies; Oxidative stress; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIETS; AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXYGEN RADICALS; OBESE SUBJECTS; PROTEIN; BRAIN; ACETOACETATE; ANTIOXIDANTS; MECHANISMS;
D O I
10.1007/s13105-011-0112-4
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Ketogenesis is the branch of mammalian metabolism concerned with the synthesis of ketone bodies. In this process, the small, water-soluble compounds acetoacetate, D-3-beta-hydroxybutyrate and propanone are produced by the liver in response to reduced glucose availability. Although ketone bodies are always present at a low level in healthy individuals, dietary manipulation and certain pathological conditions can increase the levels of these compounds in vivo. In some instances, such as in refractory epilepsy, high levels of ketone bodies can be beneficial-in this instance, by exerting an anticonvulsant effect. Conversely, if the levels of ketones rise to supraphysiological levels, as can occur in diabetes mellitus, a state of ketoacidosis can occur, which has serious consequences for cellular function. More recently, research has identified a possible link between ketogenesis and free radical-mediated pathologies, highlighting the potential application of ketogenic diets to the treatment of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Overall, an understanding of ketone body metabolism and its links to human disease may prove to be vital in developing new regimens for the treatment of human disease.
引用
收藏
页码:141 / 151
页数:11
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