Time dependent zero valent iron oxidation and the reductive removal of pertechnetate at variable pH

Elemental iron Fe-0 is a promising reductant for removal of radioactive technetium-99 (Tc) from complex aqueous waste streams that contain sulfate, halides, and other inorganic anions generated during processing of legacy radioactive waste. The impact of sulfate on the kinetics of oxidation and reduction capacity of Fe-0 in the presence of Tc has not been examined. We investigated the oxidative transformation of Fe-0 and reductive removal of TcO4 in 0.1 M Na2SO4 as a function of initial pH (i.e., pH(i) 4, 7, and 10) under aerobic conditions up to 30 days. Tc reduction was the fastest at pH(i) 7 and slowest at pH(i) 10 (Tc reduction rate pH(i) 7 > 4 > 10). Aqueous fraction of Tc was measured at 0.4% at pH(i) 7 within 6 h, whereas >= 97% of Tc was removed from solutions at pH(i) of 4 and 10 within 24 h. Solid phase characterization showed that magnetite was the only oxidized crystalline phase for the first 6 h regardless of initial pH. Lepidocrocite was the most abundant oxidized product for pH(i) 10 after 5 days, but was not observed at pH of 4 or 7.