The role of adhesion molecules in acute myeloid leukemia and (hemato) oncology: A systematic review

Background. The treatment of malignancies like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is often complicated by the heterogeneity of the disease and the mechanisms of the disease progression. This heterogeneity is often not reflected in standard treatment approaches which provide predictable outcomes in the majority of patients but fail in individual cases even with high-dose multi-agent chemotherapy regimens and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Further, the unselective effect of chemotherapy causes high treatment-related toxicity and accelerates the risk of infection during prolonged pancytopenia, preventing further dose escalation. Despite rapid progress in therapeutic strategies, the fatality of high-grade malignancies remains enormous. Objectives. Adhesive interactions trigger signal transduction pathway activation and this prevents the apoptosis of both normal and malignant cells. A correlation between expression of defined adhesion molecules and patient outcome has been found for several malignant diseases including AML. We aim to describe how disruption of these signalling pathways can overcome the high resistance to treatment and increase the selectivity of targeting malignant cells. This could effectively reduce the overall treatment-related toxicity and improve the general outcome. Conclusions. Adhesion molecules facilitate growth of malignant diseases. This review provides a deeper insight into these processes. Modulation of adhesion molecules-mediated interactions is an innovative and feasible approach in treatment of AML and many other malignancies. Due to expected low toxicity it is an acceptable addition to standard chemotherapeutical regimens for all age groups of patients. This approach could improve the overall treatment outcome in the future.