Effect of BaO-Bi2O3-P2O5 glass additive on structural, dielectric and energy storage properties of BaTiO3 ceramics

A phosphate BaO-Bi2O3-P2O5 (BBP) glass is added to BaTiO3 ceramics (BT) to investigate its influence on densification, rearrangement of structural units, and dielectric properties of the elaborated composites. The BT ceramic is elaborated by the solid-state method while the glasses BaO-Bi2O3-P2O5 (BBP) are synthesized by the melting-quench process. The synthesized composites are labeled BT-xBBP (x = 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt %) where x stands for the glass content in weight percent. The density was measured to determine the appropriate sintering temperature of the composites, it was found that the glass addition induces a decrease in their densification and helps their sintering at lower temperatures, the suitable sintering temperature (SST) obtained for all the composites is 900 degrees C. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction are performed to study the structural approach of the BBP glass addition to BT ceramics. The scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of pure BT and sintered composites. It was observed that the BT-(x = 5) composite had a uniform small grains microstructure. The composition dependence of the dielectric properties shows that a material BT-(x = 5) has the highest dielectric constant at room temperature. The P-E plots were carried out and the energy storage parameters (density and efficiency) of the composites are determined. These parameters are affected by the porosity and the remnant polarization of the composites.