Comparison of Immune Microenvironment Between Colon and Liver Metastatic Tissue in Colon Cancer Patients with Liver Metastasis

Background Liver metastasis is an indicator of unfavorable responses to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. However, the difference of immune microenvironment between primary tumors and liver metastases has not been well understood. Patients and Methods Fifty-four colon cancer with liver metastasis patients who received resection of both primary and metastasis lesions have been analyzed. The immune score is based on the density of infiltrating immune cells (CD3+ cell, CD8+ cell, CD11b+ cell, CD11c+ cell, and CD33+ cell) in the center and margin of the tumor. The expression of immune markers between the primary tumor and hepatic metastases was analyzed using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. Results All the five markers had higher expression in tumor margins than center tumor in both primary tumor and hepatic metastases lesions. The expression of CD11c and CD11b had no difference between metastatic lesions and primary tumor. In tumor margins, except CD11b, all the other 4 markers expressed significantly higher in hepatic metastases than in primary tumor. Intra-tumor, CD3 had higher expression in primary tumor than in hepatic metastases, while CD33 had higher expression in hepatic metastases than in primary tumor. CD8+ CD3+ cells of the total CD8+ cell population in primary tumor was significantly higher than in hepatic metastases (36.42% vs. 24.88%, p = 0.0069). Conclusions The immune microenvironment between primary tumor and hepatic metastasis is different. More immunosuppressing cells in liver may partially explain why immunotherapy in colon cancer is less effective with liver metastatic disease.