Graphene-based directive optical leaky wave antenna

We realized graphene-based optical leaky wave antenna as an alternative to simple optical leaky wave antenna. The use of graphene in designing optical leaky wave antenna provides improved directivity. Tuning of this sharp directive pattern can be used for beam shaping of an optical antenna. The graphene layers are loaded in Si3N4 waveguide. The graphene layers are excited by a fixed voltage. Our results lead to graphene-based design in the third window of optical communication. In addition, graphene-based leaky wave design gives enhancement in different antenna parameters like reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, and gain. The proposed graphene designs have directive response with high efficiency and are envisioned to become building blocks of several infrared systems which is going to be applicable in medical sensing systems.