Surface free energies of polymeric materials, additives and minerals

This paper presents a review of the ST and SFE values expressed in dyn/cm for a number of polymers, minerals, oxides and clays. The review also deals with the calculation of ST based on parachor values and other polymer properties obtained from a DIPPR database accompanied and coupled with QSPR software entitled TSAR. Data are also given on the ST of clays. The three components of the ST, the apolar Lifshitz-van der Waals component and the two polar (electron-donor and electron-acceptor) components of the various clays are also presented, as calculated by the van Oss et al. equation. Substitution of the cations in the innerlayer of clays by other inorganic cations is reviewed. Data are given on the effect of introducing organic ammonium cations into the clays and how they affect MMT, laponite, and talc. The effect of temperature on the ST of small molecules and on polymers is discussed, and a formula for this effect is shown. The effect of surface crystallinity on ST is discussed. The effect of chemical composition, structure and molecular weight are discussed as well. Systems for the estimation of ITs are reviewed, in relation to the ST values of the components. Data on the ST of high-energy materials are presented. The changes in these values upon interaction with low-energy surfaces are discussed. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.