This paper is intended to analyze the realization of the cultural ties between the Russian Federation and its post-Soviet Central Asian neighbors - the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Tajikistan, the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Turkmenistan, within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The research involves the study of the institutions, which are used by the CIS member states in order to develop the cultural cooperation, and of the representation of Russia and five Central Asian post-Soviet republics in the mechanisms of multilateral activities.